| argue /ˈɑːɡjuː/ | give reasons to support an opinion | The author argues that homework should be optional. |
| demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/ | show clearly that something is true | The experiment demonstrates that plants grow faster with music. |
| highlight /ˈhaɪlaɪt/ | draw attention to something important | The report highlights the need for more cycle lanes. |
| indicate /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/ | be a sign that something is true | Dark clouds usually indicate that rain is coming. |
| assess /əˈses/ | judge the quality or value of something | Judges will assess each dish on taste and presentation. |
| challenge /ˈtʃæləndʒ/ | question whether something is true | New fossils challenge the idea that dinosaurs were cold-blooded. |
| illustrate /ˈɪləstreɪt/ | explain something by giving examples | Let me illustrate my point with a story. |
| reveal /rɪˈviːl/ | make something known that was secret or hidden | The survey revealed that most students sleep less than seven hours. |
| conclude /kənˈkluːd/ | decide something after thinking about the facts | From the evidence, the detective concluded that the butler was innocent. |
| outline /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ | give the main points without details | In the first paragraph, briefly outline your plan. |