Advanced Clauses

Reference

Common mistakes

1. Having finished the meal, the waiter brought the bill. → Having finished the meal, we asked for the bill.
   same subject in both clauses
2. Not having knowing the way, we got lost. → Not knowing the way, we got lost.
   not + -ing
3. Lest we will forget. → Lest we forget.
   lest + base form
4. Though was tired, she kept going. → Though tired, she kept going.
   verbless: no verb, no subject

Advanced Clauses — Exercises

Choose the correct form

Circle the correct answer.

1. _____ the email, she logged off. (Having sent / Having send / Sent having)
2. _____ the rain getting heavier, we went inside. (With / Having / Being)
3. _____ what to do, I asked for help. (Not knowing / Knowing not / Don't knowing)
4. _____ permitting, we'll eat outside. (Weather / The weather is / If weather)
5. _____ tired, she finished the race. (Though / Despite / Although she)
6. We tiptoed _____ wake anyone. (so as not to / so as to not / for not to)
7. Keep a copy _____ the original gets lost. (in case / lest that / for fear)
8. They lit a candle _____ the dead be forgotten. (lest / unless / so that)

Rewrite the sentence

Complete the second sentence so it means the same.

1. After she had finished her speech, she sat down. →   her speech, she sat down.
2. Because the holidays were over, we went back to work. → With the holidays   , we went back to work.
3. When the work was done, we went home. → The work   , we went home.
4. Although he was exhausted, he carried on. → Though   , he carried on.
5. She spoke softly so that she wouldn't wake him. → She spoke softly so as   wake him.
6. We must remember, so that we do not forget. → We must remember,   we forget.

Advanced Clauses — Answer Key

Choose the correct form

1. Having sent — Completed first → Having sent.
2. With — with + noun + participle → With the rain getting heavier.
3. Not knowing — Negative participle → Not knowing.
4. Weather — Absolute clause: Weather permitting.
5. Though — Verbless clause: Though tired.
6. so as not to — so as not to.
7. in case — Precaution → in case; for fear that also works with might.
8. lest — Very formal negative purpose → lest.

Rewrite the sentence

1. Having finished
2. over
3. done
4. exhausted
5. not to
6. lest