| Mount evidence build up evidence / amass data | to accumulate an increasing body of supporting evidence | The evidence is mounting that early intervention is most effective. |
| Yield results produce results / generate findings | to produce results, especially after research or effort | The new methodology yielded surprising results. |
| Underpin a theory support / substantiate / ground | to provide the foundation or support for a theory | Classical mechanics underpins much of modern engineering. |
| Pervade the literature dominate / saturate / run through | to be present throughout an area of academic writing | A lack of longitudinal data pervades the literature in this field. |
| Compelling evidence persuasive / overwhelming / strong evidence | evidence that is very convincing and difficult to dispute | There is compelling evidence that diet affects cognitive function. |
| Nuanced analysis sophisticated / subtle analysis | analysis that takes account of fine distinctions and avoids oversimplification | The paper offers a nuanced analysis of the political dynamics involved. |
| Rigorous methodology robust / systematic methodology | a research method that is thorough, precise, and scientifically sound | The study employed a rigorous methodology, including blind peer review. |
| Widely acknowledged broadly recognised / generally accepted | accepted or recognised by the majority of people in a field | It is widely acknowledged that the causes are multiple and interrelated. |
| Empirically supported evidence-based / data-driven | backed by evidence from observation or experiment, not just theory | The hypothesis is empirically supported by three independent studies. |
| Profoundly shaped deeply influenced / fundamentally formed | fundamentally influenced or determined by something | Modern science has been profoundly shaped by the digital revolution. |
| Scant attention insufficient attention / neglect | very little attention or consideration given to something | This area of research has received scant attention in the literature. |
| Call into question challenge / cast doubt on / undermine | to cause doubts about the validity or truth of something | New data calls into question the assumptions of the original model. |