A2.2 — Lesson 02 (60 min total)

Rules, Obligation & Advice

must / mustn’t · have to / don’t have to · should — Airport Security, Accommodation & the Workplace

A2 LEVEL

Agenda — Plan de hoy (2 min)

Para repasar esta lección tú solo/a

Usa ← y → para pasar las diapositivas.
Toca cualquier palabra o frase con el icono altavoz para escucharla. Repítela en voz alta.
En los huecos subrayados en ámbar, piensa tu respuesta primero y luego tócalos para comprobarla.
En los ejercicios de opción, elige y después pulsa Ver corrección o Comprobar. Cada corrección explica por qué.
En las prácticas en pareja, lee las dos partes en voz alta si estás solo/a.

1. Warmer, Grammar Focus & Spanish Speaker Pitfalls9 min
2. Travel 1: Airport Security Rules (must / mustn’t)15 min
3. Travel 2: Obligation vs No Obligation & Accommodation15 min
4. Work 1: Workplace Rules, Vocabulary & False Friends11 min
5. Work 2: Advice with should & Capstone Role-Play10 min

Grammar Focus — Why These Three? (3 min)

◆

Obligation

Spanish uses tener que and deber. English splits this into have to (an outside rule) and must (the speaker’s own strong rule).

◆

Prohibition ≠ No Obligation

mustn’t = prohibido. don’t have to = no hace falta. They look similar and mean opposite things — this is the trap of the lesson.

◆

Advice

should / shouldn’t = deberías / no deberías. Not a rule, just the best idea — the polite way to help a colleague or a guest.

One rule to remember all lesson: after must, mustn’t and should the verb has no to — You must show your passport. Only have keeps it: You have to show your passport.

Spanish Speaker Pitfalls — Avoid These Four (3 min)

1

No to after must / should: “You must to show your boarding pass” ✗

You must show your boarding pass. (must + verb, nothing between)

2

Third person needs has: “He ~~have~~ to wear a badge” ✗

He has to wear a badge. (have to changes; must never changes)

3

Questions need do: “~~Have I to~~ book a table?” ✗

Do I have to book a table? (have to is a normal verb in questions)

4

must has no past: “I ~~must~~ go to the airport early yesterday” ✗

I had to go to the airport early yesterday. (the past of both is had to)

Airport Security — Vocabulary You Will Hear (4 min)

English Term	Spanish Gloss	Phonetic	Audio
security check	control de seguridad	sih-KYOOR-ih-tee chek	Listen
boarding pass	tarjeta de embarque	BOR-ding pass	Listen
hand luggage	equipaje de mano	HAND LUH-gij	Listen
liquids	líquidos	LIK-widz	Listen
tray	bandeja	TRAY	Listen
belt	cinturón	BELT	Listen
queue	cola / fila (UK)	KYOO — one syllable	Listen
forbidden	prohibido	fur-BID-n	Listen

Airport Security — Model Dialogue (4 min)

Officer: Next, please. You have to put your bag in the tray. El siguiente, por favor. Tiene que poner la bolsa en la bandeja.

Traveller: Of course. Do I have to take off my belt? Por supuesto. ¿Tengo que quitarme el cinturón?

Officer: Yes, you do. And you must take your laptop out of your hand luggage. Sí. Y tiene que sacar el portátil del equipaje de mano.

Traveller: What about my jacket? Do I have to take it off too? ¿Y mi chaqueta? ¿También tengo que quitármela?

Officer: No, you don’t have to take off your jacket. But you mustn’t carry liquids over 100 millilitres. No, no hace falta que se quite la chaqueta. Pero no puede llevar líquidos de más de 100 mililitros.

Traveller: Understood. Should I put my phone in the tray as well? Entendido. ¿Debería poner el móvil en la bandeja también?

Officer: Yes, that’s a good idea. You should keep your boarding pass in your hand. Sí, es buena idea. Debería llevar la tarjeta de embarque en la mano.

Security Rules — Choose the Right Form (3 min)

Click the dashed gap to check the answer. Think first: is it a rule, a prohibition, or not necessary?

1. You have to show your boarding pass at the gate. — it is the airport’s rule

2. You mustn’t use your phone during take-off. — prohibido

3. You don’t have to print your ticket — the app is enough. — no hace falta

4. You should arrive two hours before an international flight. — advice, not a rule

Airport Security — Role-Play 1 (4 min)

PAIR PRACTICE ROLES:
◆ Student A: Security Officer. Tell the traveller what they must and must not do. STUDENT A SPEAKS FIRST.
◆ Student B: Traveller with a laptop, a jacket and a bottle of water.

Student A (Officer): "You must take your laptop out of your bag."

Student A (Officer): "You cannot take that bottle of water through."

The Big Three — must / have to / should (3 min)

have to

An outside rule — the airport, the hotel, the company decides.

We have to check out before eleven.

must

A strong rule, often written on signs and notices.

Passengers must keep their bags with them.

should

Advice. Not a rule — just the best idea.

You should book a taxi the night before.

In everyday speech have to is far more common than must. If you are unsure which to use, have to is almost always safe — and it is the only one with a past form: had to.

The Trap — mustn’t vs don’t have to (3 min)

These two look like the same negative. They mean opposite things.

mustn’t = PROHIBIDO

There is a rule against it. Doing it is a problem.

You mustn’t smoke in the room. — no se puede fumar

You mustn’t take photos in here. — está prohibido

don’t have to = NO HACE FALTA

There is no rule. You can do it if you want — it is simply not necessary.

You don’t have to tip in this country. — no hace falta

You don’t have to bring towels. — ya están incluidas

Why Spanish speakers mix these up: Spanish no tienes que sounds like you must not, but it means you don’t have to. For a real prohibition Spanish says no debes or no se puede. Say “you mustn’t pay” to a guest and you have told them paying is forbidden.

Rule Builder — Put the Words in Order (2 min)

Tap the words to build the sentence, then press Comprobar.

Challenge 1: an airport rule

Challenge 2: something that is not necessary

Accommodation Rules — Role-Play 2 (4 min)

PAIR PRACTICE ROLES — SWAP OVER:
◆ Student B: Apartment host explaining the house rules. STUDENT B SPEAKS FIRST this time.
◆ Student A: Guest arriving for four nights, checking what is and is not necessary.

Student B (Host): "Check-out is at eleven, and you have to leave the keys on the table."

Student B (Host): "No, you don’t have to do that. But you mustn’t leave the balcony door open."

Rules in the Wild — Match the Meaning (3 min)

Tap an English rule on the left, then tap its Spanish meaning on the right. Watch the two negatives carefully.

You must not smoke here

You don’t have to tip

You have to check out by eleven

You should book in advance

You must wear a badge

You shouldn’t leave the key inside

Tienes que dejar la habitación antes de las once

No se puede fumar aquí

Tienes que llevar una acreditación

No deberías dejar la llave dentro

No hace falta dejar propina

Deberías reservar con antelación

Common Spanish Speaker Mistakes — Rules & Advice (2 min)

✗ “You must to wear a helmet.”

✗ “The museum is free, so you mustn’t pay.”

✗ “I must go to the doctor yesterday.”

Workplace Rules & Advice — Vocabulary (3 min)

English Term	Spanish Gloss	Phonetic	Audio
rule	norma / regla	ROOL	Listen
policy	política (de empresa)	POL-ih-see	Listen
deadline	fecha límite	DED-line	Listen
dress code	código de vestimenta	DRESS kohd	Listen
badge	acreditación / tarjeta identificativa	BAJ	Listen
advice	consejo — incontable: a piece of advice	ad-VYSS	Listen
warning	advertencia (NOT advertisement = anuncio)	WOR-ning	Listen
sensible	sensato (NOT sensible = sensitive)	SEN-sih-buhl	Listen

Advising a New Colleague — Model Dialogue (4 min)

New colleague: It is my first day. Do I have to wear a suit? Es mi primer día. ¿Tengo que llevar traje?

You: No, you don’t have to. The dress code is smart casual. No, no hace falta. El código de vestimenta es smart casual.

New colleague: Good. And the badge — is that a rule? Bien. Y la acreditación, ¿es obligatoria?

You: Yes, you must wear it at all times. You mustn’t lend it to anyone. Sí, tienes que llevarla siempre. No puedes prestársela a nadie.

New colleague: Any advice about the Monday meeting? ¿Algún consejo sobre la reunión del lunes?

You: You should arrive five minutes early, and you shouldn’t leave it until the last minute to send your report. Deberías llegar cinco minutos antes, y no deberías dejar el informe para el último momento.

New colleague: Thank you. That is very useful advice. Gracias. Es un consejo muy útil.

Workplace Traps — Words That Look Familiar (2 min)

1

advice is uncountable: “~~an advice~~” / “~~advices~~” ✗

She gave me two pieces of advice. (count it with a piece of, like bread or information)

2

warning, not advertisement: Spanish advertencia is a warning. An advertisement is an anuncio.

The sign is a warning, not an advertisement. (one keeps you safe, the other sells you something)

3

sensible means sensato: To say sensible in the Spanish sense, use sensitive.

That is a sensible rule, and he is very sensitive about it. (sensible = con sentido común; sensitive = sensible)

Quick Check — Rules, Prohibition & Advice (2 min)

1. How do you say “No hace falta que vengas el sábado”?

2. How do you say “Está prohibido hacer fotos aquí”?

3. How do you say “Creo que deberías hablar con tu jefe”?

4. Which sentence puts “tuve que trabajar el domingo” into English?

Advice Builder — Put the Words in Order (3 min)

Two pieces of advice for a new colleague. Build them, then say them aloud to your partner.

Challenge 1: arriving at a meeting

Challenge 2: what not to do

Capstone — The New Starter Role-Play 3 (3 min)

PAIR PRACTICE — then swap roles and run it again:
◆ Student A: New starter on day one. Ask about three things: the dress code, the badge, and the deadline. STUDENT A SPEAKS FIRST.
◆ Student B: Experienced colleague. Answer with have to, mustn’t, don’t have to and one piece of advice with should.

Student A (New starter): "Do I have to send the report by Friday?"

Student A (New starter): "Do I have to wear the badge in the car park too?"

Error Correction — Fix These Three (1 min)

Read each one aloud, correct it with your partner, then reveal.

✗ “Do I must bring my passport?”

✗ “He don’t have to work on Friday.”

✗ “You should to ask the manager first.”

Lesson Summary — ¡Gran Trabajo! (1 min)

What You Can Do Now (✓ Achieved):

✓ Understand and follow spoken rules at airport security
✓ Say what is obligatory (have to / must) and what is not (don’t have to)
✓ Keep mustn’t and don’t have to apart — the trap of this lesson
✓ Give and receive advice with should / shouldn’t
✓ Avoid must to, he have to, and an advice

Next Steps & Practice:

This week, describe three rules of your own workplace or building to each other — one with have to, one with mustn’t, and one thing that is not necessary. Then give your partner one piece of advice with should.

Great work today!