| Notwithstanding despite / in spite of / nevertheless | formal connector meaning despite or regardless of | Notwithstanding the difficulties, the project was completed on time. |
| Hitherto until now / previously / up to this point | until now or until a particular point in time | This relationship has been hitherto unexplored in the literature. |
| Insofar as to the extent that / in so far as | to the extent that; to the degree that | The policy succeeded insofar as it reduced costs, but failed on quality. |
| By the same token similarly / by the same logic / equally | for the same reason; in the same way; similarly | She values honesty; by the same token, she expects it from others. |
| It follows that consequently / therefore / as a result | as a logical consequence or conclusion | If demand falls, it follows that prices will also decrease. |
| In light of given / considering / in view of | taking something into account; considering something as relevant | In light of new evidence, the original conclusion must be revised. |
| To this end for this purpose / with this aim | in order to achieve this purpose | The government launched a new programme. To this end, £500m was allocated. |
| Inasmuch as insofar as / in that / because | to the extent that; because; for the reason that | The study is relevant inasmuch as it provides baseline data. |
| Caveat qualification / reservation / proviso | a warning or qualification added to a statement to limit its scope | The results are positive, with one important caveat: the sample was small. |
| Prima facie on the face of it / apparently / seemingly | at first sight; based on initial evidence, before deeper examination | Prima facie, the data supports the hypothesis; further analysis is needed. |
| By contrast on the other hand / conversely / in contrast | used to highlight a difference between two things | The north saw growth. By contrast, the south experienced decline. |
| In tandem simultaneously / together / in conjunction | alongside and at the same time; together and simultaneously | Economic and social reforms must proceed in tandem. |