discuss two of three given points, say which is more important, and why
Length
220–260 words
Register
formal and impersonal; no contractions
Must have
introduction · one paragraph per point · a conclusion that chooses
Structure
Four paragraphs
Introduction
introduce the issue and the two points you will discuss
Point 1
explain it, with an example and a weakness
Point 2
explain it, with an example and a weakness
Conclusion
say which is more effective or important — and why
Hedging and concession
Sound careful and balanced
Hedging
It could be argued that… · There is evidence to suggest… · tends to
Concession
While it is true that…, … · Admittedly, …
Counter-argument
Critics point out that… · Nevertheless, …
Choosing
On balance, … · I would argue that … is the more effective option.
Model
Find the two points and the choice in the conclusion
An essay — 239 words
In recent years, many cities have introduced measures to reduce the number of cars in their centres. While some people welcome these changes, others argue that they cause more problems than they solve. This essay will consider two possible approaches: improving public transport and introducing charges for drivers.
The most obvious way to encourage people to leave their cars at home is to provide a reliable alternative. If buses and trains are frequent, affordable and clean, many commuters will willingly switch. Furthermore, investment in cycle lanes can make short journeys faster and healthier. The main drawback, however, is cost: such improvements require considerable public funding and may take years to complete.
A second option is to charge drivers for entering the city centre, as has been done in London and Stockholm. This tends to have an immediate effect on traffic levels and generates income that can be reinvested in transport. Nevertheless, critics point out that charges may be unfair to people on lower incomes, who may have no choice but to drive.
On balance, I believe that improving public transport is the more effective approach in the long term. Charges may reduce traffic quickly, but unless people have a genuine alternative, they are likely to feel punished rather than persuaded. A city in which public transport is the obvious first choice will, in my view, achieve lasting change far more successfully than one which simply makes driving more expensive.
Common mistakes
Where candidates lose marks
Discussing all three points
→
Choose two of the three points
the task says two
No clear choice in the conclusion
→
On balance, X is the more effective approach because…
you must say which is more important
I think it's really good and stuff.
→
It could be argued that this approach is highly effective.
formal, precise language
Listing ideas with no examples
→
For instance, … · This is evident in…
support every point
Your turn
Say it first, then write it
Plan an essay out loud, then write it.
1
Topic: how can schools encourage healthier lifestyles? Points: sport, food, education.