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Cap. 22

Pasado simple — Verbos regulares

worked · played · studied · stopped

¿Qué es el pasado simple?

Usamos el pasado simple para acciones completadas en el pasado: eventos que empezaron y terminaron.

Acción terminada
I watched a film last night.
Ví una película anoche.
Tiempo específico
She arrived at 8 o'clock.
Ella llegó a las 8.
Hábito pasado
When I was a child, I played football every day.
Cuando era niño, jugaba al fútbol todos los días.
Palabras de tiempo
yesterday · last week · ago · in 2020 · when I was young
ayer · la semana pasada · hace · en 2020 · cuando era joven

Añadir -ed (verbos regulares)

La mayoría de verbos añaden -ed para formar el pasado

Forma estándar
work → worked · play → played · visit → visited
Mismo para todos
I worked · she worked · they worked (¡sin -s!)
Pronunciación: -ed tiene tres sonidos:
/t/ después de p, k, f, s, sh, ch (worked, walked)
/d/ después de sonidos sonoros (played, lived)
/ɪd/ después de t o d (visited, wanted)

Reglas ortográficas

Tres reglas para añadir -ed

Verbo acaba en -e
solo añade -d: live → lived, love → loved, dance → danced
Verbos cortos CVC
consonante + vocal + consonante → dobla la consonante: stop → stopped, plan → planned
Consonante + y
y → ied: study → studied, cry → cried, try → tried
Vocal + y
solo añade -ed: play → played, stay → stayed

Negativas y preguntas

Usa didn't / did + verbo en infinitivo (no en pasado)

Negativa: sujeto + didn't + verbo base  →  She didn't work.
Pregunta: Did + sujeto + verbo base?  →  Did she work?
Correcto
She didn't work yesterday.
Did they play football?
Incorrecto
She didn't worked.
→ verbo base después de didn't
Did she worked?
→ verbo base después de did

Errores comunes

Errores típicos de hispanohablantes

She didn't worked yesterday.
→
She didn't work yesterday.
Después de didn't usa el verbo en infinitivo
I studyed last night.
→
I studied last night.
y → ied (consonante + y)
He stoped the car.
→
He stopped the car.
CVC: dobla la consonante
Did you went there?
→
Did you go there?
Preguntas: did + verbo en infinitivo

Resumen

Afirmativo
verbo + ed
worked, played, visited
Negativo
didn't + infinitivo
didn't work (no didn't worked)
Pregunta
Did + sujeto + infinitivo?
Did she work?
Ortografía
+d / doble / y→ied
lived, stopped, studied
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