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Cap. 17

Linking & Discourse

despite / although · causa/resultado · adición

Conectores en nivel B2

El nivel B2 exige conectores sofisticados que muestren relaciones entre ideas: adición, contraste, causa, resultado y ejemplo.

Adición
in addition, furthermore, moreover, what's more, besides
Contraste
however, nevertheless, on the other hand, whereas, while
Causa
because, as, since, due to, owing to, on account of
Resultado
therefore, consequently, as a result, thus, hence
Ejemplo
for example, for instance, such as, namely, in particular

Despite / in spite of vs although

despite / in spite of + sustantivo/-ing
Despite the rain, we went out.
In spite of being tired, she worked late.
Despite the fact that it was raining...
although / even though + oración completa
Although it was raining, we went out.
Even though she was tired, she worked late.
Despite va seguido de sustantivo o -ing · although necesita una oración completa. Ambos expresan contraste, pero la gramática es distinta.

Causa vs conectores de resultado

Causa (porque...)
Because it rained, the match was cancelled.
+ oración completa
Due to / Owing to the rain, the match was cancelled.
+ sustantivo (formal)
Resultado (...así que / therefore)
It rained, so the match was cancelled.
It rained heavily; therefore, the match was cancelled.

Añadir ideas con sofisticación

in addition
The course is interesting. In addition, it's free.
furthermore
She is talented. Furthermore, she works hard. (formal)
moreover
The plan is ambitious; moreover, it is realistic.
what's more
He plays piano. What's more, he composes too. (informal)
not only ... but also
She is not only kind but also intelligent.

Errores frecuentes

Despite it was raining, we went out.
→
Despite the rain / Although it was raining, we went out.
despite + sustantivo · although + oración completa
Although raining, we went out.
→
Although it was raining, we went out.
although necesita una oración completa
Because of it rained, we stayed in.
→
Because it rained / Because of the rain, we stayed in.
because + oración · because of + sustantivo

Resumen

Adición
in addition · furthermore · moreover
furthermore (escritura formal)
Contraste
although + oración · despite + sustantivo/-ing
although it rained / despite the rain
Causa/resultado
due to + sustantivo · therefore (nueva oración)
due to rain; therefore, cancelled
Not only ... but also
adición enfática emparejada
not only kind but also smart
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