Ch. 13 · Grammaire

Narrative Tenses — Raconter comme un pro

Prétérit, continu, past perfect : les trois étages du récit

Les trois étages d’un récit

Un bon récit anglais superpose trois temps : past simple (les actions), past continuous (le décor), past perfect (l’avant-histoire).

The sun was setting. We had walked all day, and we needed a place to sleep. Suddenly, we saw a light.

(décor → was setting · avant-histoire → had walked · action → saw)

Past perfect continuous

Le quatrième outil : had been + -ing — une activité qui durait déjà avant le moment du récit.

She was exhausted because she had been driving for ten hours.

(Elle conduisait depuis dix heures — durée avant le moment raconté.)

Les enchaînements du récit

Les connecteurs du récit : as soon as, while, by the time, meanwhile, eventually, suddenly.

As soon as the door opened, the cat ran out.

Eventually, we found the hotel. (⚠ eventually = finalement, PAS « éventuellement » !)

Le faux ami du récit : eventually

Eventually = finalement, au bout du compte. « Éventuellement » (peut-être) = possibly / if necessary.

We eventually found a taxi. (Nous avons fini par trouver un taxi.)

« Je viendrai éventuellement » → I might come.

Un récit modèle

Tous les étages ensemble :

It was raining hard when we left. We had been planning the trip for months, so we refused to give up. While Anna was checking the map, I drove south. By the time we reached the coast, the sky had cleared.

Erreurs typiques

Les pièges classiques pour les francophones

Voici les erreurs que les francophones font le plus souvent sur ce point.

Eventually = éventuellement
Eventually = finalement
Le faux ami du récit. « Éventuellement » se dit possibly / might.
When we arrived, the film started. (déjà commencé)
When we arrived, the film had started.
L’avant-histoire prend le past perfect.
She was exhausted because she drove for ten hours.
...because she had been driving for ten hours.
Durée avant le moment du récit → had been + -ing.
While I drove, Anna was check the map.
While I was driving, Anna was checking the map.
Deux actions parallèles → deux past continuous.
As soon as the door had opened the cat had run out. (tout en past perfect)
As soon as the door opened, the cat ran out.
Les actions en chaîne restent au past simple — le past perfect est réservé à l’avant-histoire.

Récapitulatif : Narrative Tenses

Actions
past simple
we saw a light
Décor
past continuous
the sun was setting
Avant-histoire
past perfect
we had walked all day
Durée antérieure
had been + -ing
she had been driving for hours
Connecteurs
as soon as, by the time, eventually
Eventually, we found it.
Faux ami
eventually = finalement
« éventuellement » = possibly
Aux exercices →