Lesson 21: Present Progressive
Estar + gerundio
Describe what is happening right now
Goal of This Lesson
- ●Use estar + gerundio to describe actions happening right now
- ●Form gerunds correctly for -ar, -er, and -ir verbs
- ●Avoid common mistakes English speakers make
- ●Know when not to use the progressive
Structure: Two Parts
The gerund never changes. Only estar is conjugated.
Step 1: Conjugate Estar
Step 2: Form the Gerund
Putting It Together
- Yo estoy hablando con mi amigo.
- Tú estás comiendo la cena.
- Ella está escribiendo un correo.
- Nosotros estamos viendo una película.
Negation: Add No
No estoy durmiendo.
I am not sleeping.
No están estudiando.
They are not studying.
Negate by placing no before estar. The gerund stays unchanged.
Irregular Gerunds
Examples with Irregulars
Common Mistake #1
After estar, always use the -ando/-iendo form.
Common Mistake #2
Progressive uses estar, never ser.
Common Mistake #3
All -er and -ir verbs use -iendo, not -endo.
When NOT to Use the Progressive
Habits / General Truths
✗ Estoy trabajando en un banco.
✓ Trabajo en un banco.
Future Plans
✗ Estoy viajando mañana.
✓ Viajo mañana.
Rule of Thumb
Only use estar + gerundio for actions happening right now, at the moment of speaking.
Practice: Say What You See
Image: A man running
Model: Él está corriendo.
Now you: Describe what these people are doing.
Pair Work: What Are They Doing?
- •Work in pairs
- •Ask your partner: ¿Qué estás haciendo?
- •Answer truthfully: Estoy escribiendo / escuchando / mirando...
- •Ask about others: ¿Qué está haciendo [name]?
Listening Check
Speaker 1: No puedo hablar ahora.
Speaker 2: ¿Por qué?
Speaker 1: Estoy estudiando para el examen.
What is Speaker 1 doing?
Key Takeaways
- ✓Use estar + gerundio only for current actions
- ✓-AR → -ando; -ER/-IR → -iendo
- ✓Irregulars: leyendo, durmiendo, pidiendo, diciendo, oyendo
- ✓Negation: no + estar + gerund
- ✓Never use ser or infinitive after estar
Wrap-Up
Today you learned how to describe what is happening right now.
Remember: estar + gerundio, and only when the action is in progress!