G17 · Gramática

The -ing Form

O que é o -ing form?

Sujeito da frase
Swimming is good for you.
Após preposição
I'm interested in learning English.
Após certos verbos
I enjoy reading books.
Substantivo composto
a swimming pool / parking space
Importante: 'Going to' (futuro) uses -ing differently — will be covered later.

Formação do -ing

Regra geral
add -ing: read → reading, eat → eating
Termina em -e muda
remove -e + -ing: make → making, write → writing
CVC dobra consoante
sit → sitting, run → running, swim → swimming
Termina em -ie
lie → lying, die → dying

Verbos que pedem -ing

Estes verbos são seguidos SEMPRE de -ing (não infinitivo).

Verbos comuns + -ing
enjoy, finish, avoid, mind, miss, consider, suggest, keep, practise, imagine, admit, deny
Exemplos
I enjoy cooking. / She finished writing. / Do you mind waiting? / He avoided answering.

-ing como sujeito

O -ing pode ser o sujeito de uma frase, como um substantivo.

Sujeito
Swimming is great exercise.
Sujeito
Learning English takes time.
Após 'it'
It is worth trying. / It is no use worrying.
Importante: Em português usamos o infinitivo como sujeito (Nadar é bom), mas em inglês usamos -ing (Swimming is good).

Erros comuns

I enjoy to swim.
I enjoy swimming.
Após 'enjoy', sempre -ing.
She is interested to learn.
She is interested in learning.
Preposição 'in' → -ing.
Swimming are good for you.
Swimming is good for you.
-ing como sujeito é singular.
He suggested to go early.
He suggested going early.
'suggest' pede -ing.

Resumo: The -ing Form

Como sujeito
swimming, reading
Swimming is fun.
Após preposição
in/of/at + -ing
She's good at singing.
Após verbos
enjoy, finish, avoid...
I finished studying.
Substantivo
compound noun
a swimming pool
Exercícios →