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G13 · Gramática

Passive Voice — Simple Forms

Quando usamos a voz passiva?

Usamos a voz passiva quando o agente (quem faz a ação) é desconhecido, óbvio ou menos importante do que o objeto da ação.

Active: They built the bridge in 1920.

Passive: The bridge was built in 1920. (o agente não é importante)

The president was elected by millions of people.

Formação: to be + past participle

Voz passiva = sujeito + to be (conjugado) + past participle. O agente, se mencionado, usa by.

Present: The letter is written in English.

Past: The cake was eaten by the children.

Future: The results will be published tomorrow.

Present Perfect: The order has been placed.

Como transformar active → passive

1. O objeto da ativa torna-se sujeito da passiva. 2. Use be + past participle. 3. O sujeito original pode ser mencionado com 'by'.

Active: Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.

Passive: Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.

Active: Someone stole my bike.

Passive: My bike was stolen.

Erros comuns

As armadilhas clássicas para falantes de português

Estes são os erros mais frequentes dos falantes de português neste ponto.

The cake was ate.
→
The cake was eaten.
Use o particípio passado — não o past simple.
The film is made by them yesterday.
→
The film was made by them yesterday.
Com referência temporal no passado → was/were.
It was builded in 1900.
→
It was built in 1900.
'Build' é irregular: build → built → built.

Resumo: Voz Passiva

Presente
am/is/are + past participle
It is made in Portugal.
Passado
was/were + past participle
It was built in 1900.
Futuro
will be + past participle
It will be announced.
Present Perfect
has/have been + past participle
It has been sold.
Agente
by + agente
...by Shakespeare.
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