Capítulo 14

Passive Voice (Advanced)

Advanced passive tenses · Impersonal passive (It is said that...) · Supposed to

Visão Geral: Passive Voice (Advanced)

No nível B2 você domina estruturas passivas avançadas, incluindo a passiva impessoal (It is said that...) e a estrutura pessoal de relato (He is said to be...).

Passiva Impessoal (It + passiva + that)
It is believed that the company will announce layoffs.
Passiva Pessoal (Sujeito + passiva + to-infinitive)
The company is believed to be preparing an announcement.
Verbos Comuns de Relato
say, report, believe, claim, expect, consider, allege

Be Supposed To & Be Expected To

Be supposed to + verbo
Indica dever, expectativa cultural ou regra estipulada:
You are supposed to turn off your phones during takeoff.
Be expected to + verbo
Expectativa formal ou previsão de acontecimento:
The minister is expected to arrive at noon.

Voz Passiva com Verbos de Dois Objetos (Give, Offer, Send)

Foco na pessoa (mais natural em inglês)
She was given a promotion. (em vez de 'A promotion was given to her')
Foco na coisa
A promotion was offered to her.
Importante: Em português usam-se formas reflexivas impessoais ('Diz-se que...'). Em inglês a estrutura equivalente é 'It is said that...' ou 'He is said to be...'.

Erros comuns de falantes de português

Says that he is rich.
It is said that he is rich.
Falta o sujeito impessoal 'It' no início.
He is said to has left.
He is said to have left.
Use o infinitivo perfeito 'to have + particípio' para ações anteriores.
You are supposed to bringing your ID.
You are supposed to bring your ID.
Após 'supposed to', use o verbo base (infinitivo).
A prize was given for him.
He was given a prize.
Dar preferência à pessoa como sujeito da passiva.

Resumo: Passive Voice (Advanced)

Impessoal
It is said/believed that ...
It is reported that sales grew.
Pessoal
Subject + is said to be / to have done
He is believed to have left.
Supposed to
obrigação ou expectativa cultural
You are supposed to sign here.
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