No nível B2 você domina orações relativas restritivas e não-restritivas, pontuação correta com vírgulas e a colocação formal de preposições antes de 'whom' e 'which'.
Defining (Restritiva — Sem vírgulas)
Informação essencial para identificar o substantivo: The lawyer who handled our case was excellent.
Non-Defining (Explicativa — COM vírgulas)
Informação extra/adicional que pode ser removida: My uncle, who lives in Oporto, is a doctor.
Regra do 'That'
Pode substituir 'who/which' APENAS em orações restritivas (defining). NUNCA use 'that' em orações com vírgula (non-defining).
Preposição + Pronome Relativo (Registro Formal)
Pessoas (Preposição + Whom)
The candidate to whom I spoke was very qualified. (informal: 'The candidate I spoke to...')
Coisas (Preposição + Which)
The company for which she works is expanding. (informal: 'The company she works for...')
Whose, Where e Pronomes de Quantidade
Whose (posse)
The woman whose car was stolen called the police.
Quantificadores + of which / whom
He bought ten books, all of which were written in English. They interviewed five applicants, none of whom had experience.
Importante: Nunca use 'that' entre vírgulas em orações relativas não-restritivas! 'My car, that is old, broke down' está ERRADO. O correto é: 'My car, WHICH is old, broke down'.
Erros comuns de falantes de português
My brother, that lives in Oporto, is visiting.
→
My brother, who lives in Oporto, is visiting.
Nunca use 'that' em orações entre vírgulas.
The man which called you left a message.
→
The man who / that called you left a message.
Use 'who' para pessoas, não 'which'.
The lady who I spoke to her was polite.
→
The lady who I spoke to was polite.
Não repita o pronome de objeto ('her').
He wrote three articles, all of them were published.
→
He wrote three articles, all of which were published.