Capítulo 16

Reported Speech & Reporting Verbs

Tense backshift · Reporting verbs (insist, accuse of, recommend, suggest)

Visão Geral: Reported Speech & Reporting Verbs

No nível B2 você vai além dos simples 'say' e 'tell', utilizando verbos de relato precisos seguidos por infinitivo, gerúndio ou orações com 'that'.

Present Simple → Past Simple
'I work here' → He said he worked there.
Present Continuous → Past Continuous
'I am leaving' → She said she was leaving.
Present Perfect / Past Simple → Past Perfect
'I have finished' → He said he had finished.
Will → Would / Can → Could
'I will help' → She promised she would help.

Verbos de Relato com Infinitivo (to + verbo)

Verb + to-infinitive
agree, offer, promise, refuse, threaten
He offered to help us with the luggage.
Verb + person + to-infinitive
advise, ask, encourage, invite, order, remind, warn
She reminded him to submit the tax return.

Verbos de Relato com Gerúndio (-ing) & Preposições

Verb + -ing
admit, deny, recommend, suggest
He denied taking the money. · She suggested going for a walk.
Verb + preposição + -ing
apologise for, insist on, accuse of, congratulate on
He insisted on paying the bill. · They accused her of stealing.
Importante: O verbo 'suggest' NUNCA aceita a estrutura 'suggest someone to do'! Use 'suggest + -ing' ou 'suggest that + sujeito + verbo': 'He suggested going' ou 'He suggested that we go'.

Erros comuns de falantes de português

He suggested me to apply for the job.
He suggested that I apply / applying for the job.
NUNCA use 'suggest someone to do'.
She warned me don't touch it.
She warned me not to touch it.
A forma negativa de infinitivo de relato é 'not to + verbo'.
He insisted to pay the dinner.
He insisted on paying for dinner.
'Insist' exige a preposição 'on' + gerúndio.
She explained me the problem.
She explained the problem to me.
'Explain' exige a preposição 'to' antes da pessoa.

Resumo: Reported Speech & Reporting Verbs

Backshift
Recuo de tempos verbais no relato no passado
will -> would / have -> had.
Verb + to
agree, offer, promise, refuse
Offered to help.
Suggest / Insist
suggest + -ing / insist on + -ing
Suggested going / Insisted on paying.
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